![]() ![]() The elder Galilei, influenced by his correspondence with Girolamo Mei on the writings of the ancient Greeks and with Erycius Puteanus on the writings of Hucbald and wishing to recreate the old manner of storytelling and drama, pioneered the use of a single melodic line to tell the story, accompanied by simple chords from a harpsichord or lute. The first use of recitative in opera was preceded by the monodies of the Florentine Camerata in which Vincenzo Galilei, father of the astronomer Galileo Galilei, played an important role. The term recitative (or occasionally liturgical recitative) is also applied to the simpler formulas of Gregorian chant, such as the tones used for the epistle, gospel, preface and collects see accentus. Secco recitatives can be more improvisatory and free for the singer, since the accompaniment is so sparse in contrast, when recitative is accompanied by orchestra, the singer must perform in a more structured way. The mostly syllabic recitativo secco ("dry", accompanied only by continuo, typically cello and harpsichord) is at one end of the spectrum, through recitativo accompagnato (using orchestra), the more melismatic arioso, and finally the full-blown aria or ensemble, where the pulse is entirely governed by the music. Recitative can be distinguished on a continuum from more speech-like to more musically sung, with more sustained melodic lines. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. Recitative ( / ˌ r ɛ s ɪ t ə ˈ t iː v/, also known by its Italian name recitativo ( )) is a style of delivery (much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms and delivery of ordinary speech. ![]() ![]() Bach's Cantata 140, "Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme". ![]()
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